Forests, as the respiratory lung of the earth, play a significant role in the realization of the right to life, and are inextricably linked with other fundamental rights of mankind; forests, as one of the important elements of the natural environment, complete the right to a healthy human environment. And because of their unique characteristics, they have a decisive role in the victory or failure of hostile countries in the wars, and as a result, hostile parties use the forest as providing hostile aims, so they must be fully utilized and utilized. All existing capacities and capabilities are in keeping with it. Every day, the size of the wars increases, and equally one of the environmental resources that are at the true risk of destruction and falling from their scope are forests, so it must be created by building a proper structure with legal requirements to guarantee this God-given blessing Which is considered as an introduction to the enjoyment of human rights, takes coordinated action. This paper seeks to answer the question of how to protect the environment by exploring different international documents, in particular on how to promote the conservation of forest ecosystem resources using the ability of international institutions to formulate a global resolve. Provide the forest environment at a time of volatile conflicts?

Undoubtedly, Islam is a faith and Shari‘ah (code of laws). It implants in the selves or minds a sublime faith. Its basis is God-fearing and seeking of Allah’s Pleasure. When this faith grows up and becomes ready to give fruit, the role of the legislation based on the revelation of Almighty Allah starts working with the restricted ijtihad which inspires its spirit and guards its purposes. Then comes the role of practice and action for the human beings on the basis of their self-restraint, because of their belief in the justice of Divine legislation, and that the retribution of the otherworld is much greater than the retribution of this world. In this regard Allah Almighty, in the Holy Qur’an says:(But no! by your Lord! They do not believe (in reality) until they make you a judge of that which has become a matter of disagreement among them, and then do not find any straitness in their hearts as to what you have decided and submit with entire submission) [4:65].The methodical plan of the subject is made or carried out as follows: 1– The first pivotal theme: The view of Islam on environment and this includes three subjects.a- The first subject: Linking the elements of environment with the Islamic faithb- The Second subject: The purposes of Shari‘ah in safeguarding the environmentc- The third subject: The Shar‘i rulings for taking care of environment2- The second pivotal Theme: The attitude of Shari‘ah towards the arrangements of the issues of environment. This includes two subjects:a- The first subject: It gives the arrangements of protecting the environment.b- The second subject: It deals with the practical applications of protecting and safeguarding the environment in Islam. Hence the fuqaha’ (jurisprudents)-while taking care of the affairs of the environment-have started clarifying the partial rulings-Then the science of jurisprudence (fiqh) has developed, later by starting to make the rules and the general disciplines and criteria. In fact, in all of its stages of development it has greatly concerned in practical application and practice in (fatwa) and (qadha’).For this reason this subject is divided into two branches: The first one is specialized to show the endeavours of the fuqaha’ (jurisprudents) in taking care of the environment through the partial rulings. And in the second branch we show some rules and disciplines which arrange the methods and ways of safeguarding the environment.

This study aims to investigate the role of primary education in environmental protection. This is appliedresearch in terms of purpose type and survey nature. The data collection tool is a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The statistical population of this study included elementary school teachers in Taft city. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was checked by professors and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient test (. 84). The questionnaire was then distributed among primary school teachers through various sites or social networks. A total of 128 respondents completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistical methods have been used to analyze the data of this study. The results showed that teachers with the necessary training in the field of environmental protection can make children interested in protection by performing activities inside and outside the classroom and institutionalizing the ethics of environmental friendliness in them.

The purpose of this research was to  surveying attitudes of students at the high schools level in Shiraz, Iran toward protecting environment. This is an applied research that conducted by using a descriptive-correlation method. Target population included 6611 female students from 33 high schools in the City of Shiraz, which 334 of them selected through a random sampling method. Data was collected in the field by using questionnaires. The face validity of questionnaires was considered by the research committee members and other experts in this field. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined by using Cronbach Method and became 0.79. The results of the analysis of correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of awareness of students about environment's issues, their interest about  environment, their attitudes toward environment protection, taking part in voluntary environmental activities, number of visiting by environemtal experts at schools, visiting the related environmental organizations by students, using educational films and tendency toward establishing  environmental organizations and their attitudes about environemtal protection. The results of multiple regression indicated that 47 percent of the variance in the perception of respondents could be explained by variables interest in environmental protection, attitudes toward about environmental protection, using the educational films in the field of environment and tendency to establishing environmental organization.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: Persian Gulf marine pollution has been a longstanding regional and global challenge. Given the region's economic and environmental sensitivity, any emergency poses a significant threat to its ecosystem. Oil spills, in particular, have caused irreparable damage to marine environments and coastlines. In response to marine emergencies and oil spills, international maritime law has established specific frameworks for environmental protection and crisis management. Regional organizations have also played a significant role in protecting the Persian Gulf environment. One key regional institution in combating oil and other harmful substances in the Persian Gulf is the Regional Cooperation Council for Combating Marine Pollution (MEMAC ). As part of international and regional cooperation, the MEMAC plays a crucial role in facilitating coordination among member states. Through the establishment of rapid response and information systems, the MEMAC has increased the region's preparedness for environmental crises. However, challenges remain. These include the continued occurrence of oil spills and the failure to fully implement international commitments. The lack of adequate financial and technological resources further hinders the region's ability to manage environmental crises. The overall objective of this research is to protect the Persian Gulf environment in emergency pollution situations. Through international cooperation and sustained efforts, it is possible to prevent such incidents and mitigate their harmful effects. This article examines the role of the regional MEMAC institution in addressing marine emergencies in the Persian Gulf using a library-based approach and a review of regional conventions. The article further explores the role of the MEMAC and provides recommendations for protecting the Persian Gulf environment during emergencies. Methodology: This research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach. By examining the role of the RCCP institution in emergencies, this study is based on library research and references to documents and records. Based on the library research method, after source analysis and data collection, notes will be taken using the relevant fiches and forms, and finally presented. Findings: Given that the countries of the region have established international and regional institutions, such as MEMAC, to protect the sensitive marine environment and mitigate the adverse impacts of marine emergencies in the Persian Gulf, it is surprising that this institution, despite its legal and operational framework, has fallen short in significantly reducing oil and other environmental pollution in the region. Although Samieh Aghaeipoor's article examines the role of the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Mutual Emergency Assistance Center at Sea, it primarily focuses on MEMAC's position. Similarly, Dr. Jamshid Momtaz's book, Iran and International Law, offers only brief mentions of MEMAC. This analysis, drawing upon previous research, reveals a gap in the literature. While numerous studies have explored the roles of regional marine environmental protection organizations, there is a dearth of in-depth, comprehensive assessments of MEMAC's performance in addressing marine pollution Conclusion: Since marine emergencies involve incidents that lead to severe pollution or an immediate threat of pollution to the marine environment, governments, while having extraordinary powers to deal with the crisis, are obliged to respect their international obligations in the field of human rights and environmental protection. The Regional Cooperation for Combating Pollution (MEMAC ), as one of the key regional institutions for combating oil pollution and other harmful substances in the Persian Gulf, plays a crucial role. By facilitating cooperation among member countries and establishing information and coordination systems, this center has been able to improve the region's ability to respond to environmental crises. However, challenges such as the complete failure of MEMAC and related organizations to protect the marine environment in the region still exist. To address these challenges more effectively, there is a need to strengthen regional cooperation and more rigorously enforce international obligations.

This study sought s to probe how Iranian women’s statuses in economic and social spheres affect their environmental protection state. The statistical population was 198 women who were studying at Abadan Islamic Azad University for academic year of 1388-89.The sample was selected randomly by multi stage cluster sampling. The research followed descriptive correlation method. The results revealed that socio-economical factors affected the women’s performance in protecting their environment while the study showed that social factors had more impact than economical factors concerning environment protecting by women.

Advances in science and industry and the expansion of civilization besides the prosperity and comfort they have brought with themselves for mankind have also had the undesirable consequence of damaging the environment. Numerous dangers can ensue the destruction of the environment. Taking heed of this danger has led to the emergence of some self- motivated movements by knowledgeable and good intentioned people. A multitude of popular organizations have been created throughout the world endeavoring to enlighten people. Governments too have more or less become heedful of the critical future of the globe and have been working side by side with these popular movements in order to find some serious modalities. These movements have gained momentum since the 1960’s and led to the holding of numerous conferences and the conclusion of several international conventions concerning environment. Hence, saving the environment has not only been the concern of political efforts but has also penetrated the realm of legislation. Furthermore, measures towards preventing the destruction of environment have been supported by legal sanctions. Stockholm conference of 1972 is believed to be the beginning of the conferences regarding environment. Ten years later, namely in 1982, Riode Janiro conference emphasized the adoptions of Stockholm conference while anticipating some new ways for the 21st century. Holding such conferences and conclusion of such agreements has continued ever since. This artice takes a passing look on the necessity of paying attention to the conservation of environment from moral, political and legal standpoints. It examines the work which has been done in this regard and concludes that there are proper grounds in our Iranian Islamic culture for increasing everyone’s awareness, in particular, the government as to the conservation of environment. Paying attention to the legal realm too, we find that despite the legal shortages and pitfalls, there are still considerable preventive rules in the current laws for preventing the destruction of environment.

Background and Objective: The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the newest subjects which have attracted the attention of the environmental researchers. Scholars believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on the environmental behaviors and the protection of the environment, and the environmental behaviors of people and their tendency to maintain the environment depend on personalities, conditions and social capacities in a society. In other words, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of social capital in protecting the environment in Ilam City. Methodology: The method used in this study is analytical-descriptive. The statistical population includes the residents of Ilam City, and 383 of them were chosen as the sample using Cochran's Formula, and they were given the questionnaires by Stratified Random Sampling Method. To gather the required data, the researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed by experts and by Cronbach's alpha, which was calculated to be 0. 879. To analyze the data, correlation and regression tests in LISREL application were used. Findings: The findings reveal that there is a positive significant relationship between the social capital and protecting the environment. Furthermore, there is a positive significant relationship between the components of the relational capital and cognitive capital and protecting the environment. However, there is no relationship between the component of structural capital and protecting the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: In order to realize the predetermined objectives of protecting the environment with the least amount of expenses and the most cooperation based on trust and affinity, social capital in the society is of utmost importance. The higher the social capital in a community, the higher the willingness and tendency to protect the environment in that community.

The environment of the seas is one of the global concerns, the effects and consequences of which cannot be hidden in the political, economic,and security fields of the coastal countries or all the governments of the world.This is because today most of the countries of the world benefit directly or indirectly from the benefits of the seas.Based on this, the concern of the present research is to be able to address the responsibility of the coastal states in protecting the environment of the seas by relying on the principle of participation.The question of the current research is,what are the solutions to make the coastal states responsible for the area of the marine environment?In line with this question,the findings of the present research have shown that making the coastal states responsible requires creating a balance between the economic interests of the states and environmental groups.Also,relying on scientific and research findings concerning the opinion of experts,the principles of international maritime law,and also modeling some regional treaties such as European maritime laws or restrictions imposed by the Australian government,is a suitable support for Identifying the rights and duties of coastal states. Also,the participation of the coastal states automatically and with their supervision is not a solution. This is because the coastal states have interests in marine resources, and in return, the role of non-governmental organizations, civil society, and free media should be taken into account to identify the environmental problems of the seas and also provide solutions from them citing cases of pollution, the contribution of each government and The amount of responsibility of that government is specific. In the current research, due to the critical nature of the topics, the theoretical framework of problem-solving, which originates from critical theory, was used. Also, the research method is descriptive and analytical using library tools.